Phenotypic variation and adaptation in morphology and salt spray tolerance in coastal and inland populations of <i>Setaria viridis</i> in central Japan

Variations in morphology and salt spray tolerance were studied among 22 populations of Setaria viridis derived from the coastal inland habitats central Japan to elucidate adaptation species habitats, which are important reservoirs that enhance overall diversity agro-ecosystems. The S. comprised three ecotypes differed plant form tolerance: short, for within rocky cliffs pebble shores; tall, found sandy ordinary tall ecotypes. short ecotype exhibited significantly higher than primarily Seto Inland Sea had intermediate tolerance. compact stature high appeared be adaptive intensive transported by strong winds open sea, whereas mild breezes off enabled moderately tolerant plants survive on shores. At Cape Naruto, both observed separately continuous sequences areas. is susceptible could this area because surrounding evergreen trees impede spray. occupies migrants coming eliminated Therefore, maintaining specific have fully adapted highly preservation biodiversity.